Puppy Guide

In this puppy guide we are going to look at

• Puppy training
• Food and Health care
• Vaccinations for your puppy

Puppy training

House training is very important for the puppy. Vets recommend that house training may begin any time after 5 weeks. The key is to be consistent and be patient. Reward good behaviour with praise, petting and maybe a treat. Puppies demand a lot of attention, and you should reward good behaviour.

Learning ‘’sit’’


Whenever the puppy wants to be scratched. Respond by holding your hand on the puppy’s nose and say your dog’s name, then ‘’sit’’.

By moving your hand back over his ears as you speak, it makes the puppy to look up. Keep repeating ‘’sit’’ until the puppy sits down. After the puppy sits for a few seconds, release him by saying ‘’ok’’.

 Then reward the puppy with a pet and praise. It may take few tries. But gradually increase the sitting time. Be sure the others who handle the puppy uses the same commands for the consistent messages to the puppy.

Where to go to the bathroom

You should feed your puppy inside the house. Dogs don’t like to eat where they relieve themselves. If your dog is relieving itself in the certain area, feed him or her on that spot immediately.

Then take the puppy outside to its bathroom area. Letting the puppy outside and walking the puppy regularly lets it to know that it can wait and there would be opportunities to go to the bathroom outside. Dogs and puppies learn their routine quickly.

Whenever the puppy relieves itself, reward the puppy with praise. Look right at it, not at the dog. If your dog sniffs it, praise it and pet it. Vets estimate after four days you should expect your puppy automatically head to its correct place. But it may take longer.

Punishing mistakes

Punishing your puppy is important for efficient training. You need to act grunt and act disgusted and tale puppy out of his bathroom area. Leave the puppy there while you are cleaning.

Some dogs apparently enjoy their owners clean up and leave another gift to enjoy experience. Accidents should be cleaned up without any odour.

Food and Health care

Feed your puppy’s four meals a day until the age of four months and then reduce its feed to three meals per day until its six months old, when you change to two meals a day and keep this routine to rest of its life. However make sure that water is always available, so never take the water bowl away. There are three types of puppy food. They are:

Dry complete food

There are a wide variety of Dry complete foods in the market and the quality varies.

To get the best one out for the puppy’s development choose a food specially designed for puppy.

Many are based on chicken and rice or corn, and these types suit the puppies really well.

Semi-moist and tinned food

Semi-moist and tinned foods can vary in quality. To choose the best quality with the easily digestible recipe. Example recipe:

Chicken and rice and choose a specialist puppy food which is nutritionally complete. Avoid changes in your puppy’s diet so if you find a product that works for your puppy, stick to it.

Home- made food


Puppies need the best possible diet whilst they are growing up, as even a slight imbalance may harm their development and growth.

As it is very difficult to get this balance right, you are probably better off choosing one of the tried and tested foods.

Vaccinations for your puppy

Why vaccinations are vital?

Vaccinations are vital, if you want your puppy to stay a healthy long life. Puppies and dogs have an instable curiosity and they investigate the world around them. While doing this, it is certain they may come in contact with a vital disease that may harm them or even KILL THEM! To avoid this, scientists have a found a good cure and that is vaccinations.

Vaccinations are given so that the dog or puppy becomes immune to that disease. As they are many vital and common diseases throughout the world and UK. In fact where most viruses are concerned there aren’t any treatments available. So if you want your pet to be safe, follow the old saying. Prevention is better than cure. Remember, while you are protecting your own pet through vaccinations. You are also safeguarding your other dogs as well.

Since yours is becoming as non-spreading carrier of diseases with the potential to spread the infection as far as wide. As you can imagine, if more and more dog keepers take their responsibility seriously, we are much better chance of controlling the impact of disease and avoiding problems and worries to go with it.

When to vaccinate your puppy?

To be effective then, vaccination must be carried out before your puppy loses temporally immunity from the mother. It should certainly begin by the time your puppy is 7-8 weeks of age. The initial course of vaccination is completed with the second dose at 10 weeks old-not only to ensure that your puppies’ level of MBA hasn’t blocked the vaccine, but also to satisfy long term protections against some diseases.

Important Vaccinations

These diseases are really dangerous and must be vaccinated when a dog is a puppy. The puppies should be protected from these diseases listed below:

1. Canine Hepatitis

• This virus affects dogs under two years of age. This disease is less than Parvovirus.
• The virus is passed through direct dog to contact via urine, faeces and saliva. The droplets of the virus are released into the air where they are breathed in.
• The virus spreads in the blood stream to the liver, where it destroys the liver cells, resulting in the organ becoming enlarged and inflamed. It causes jaundice, acute abdominal pain, and vomiting, blood-tingled diarrhoea and dehydration.
• The virus could affect the eyes and the kidneys.
• Dogs that recover from the disease continue to pass the virus up in their urine for up to 6-9 months.
• In severe cases of hepatitis, DEATH can occur within 24hrs.

2. Distemper
• Distemper is also known as ‘hard pad’ as the pads on the foot become hard, thickened and cracked.
• The virus is passed through direct dog to contact via urine, faeces and saliva. Droplets of virus are released into the air where they are breathed in.
• It affects the lungs, nose, eyes, skin, stomach and intestines, resulting in sore discharging eyes and nose, pneumonia, diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration. In approximately half of the cases the nervous system is affected too, causing fits.
• If the veterinary treatment is delayed, distemper is usually fatal.

3. Kennel cough

• Kennel cough is highly infectious and is easily spread wherever there are many dogs in one place, such as in kennels or at dog shows.
• Kennel cough is spread from minute droplets in the air which are inhaled, or from direct contact. As well as being infectious during the incubation period of around 10 days, the disease can still be spread for anything up to 10 weeks after coughing has ceased.
• There is recent evidence to suggest that it can be passed from dog to cat and vice versa.
• The symptoms are sneezing (in the early stages), a cough and nasal discharges. In severe cases there may be a loss of appetite.
• Kennel cough could be compared to human ‘flu' in that whilst it is very unpleasant, it is rarely fatal. Recovery from symptoms is usually complete in two to three weeks. However, severe cases in puppies, older dogs and giant breeds may lead to pneumonia if the condition is not treated, and could lead to death.

4. Leptospirosis

• Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection.
• The bacteria damage the liver, kidneys and blood vessels causing jaundice, haemorrhage, vomiting and black diarrhoea and severe dehydration.
• The liver becomes enlarged causing acute abdominal pain, and in some cases, damage to the kidneys may lead to kidney failure.
• The bacteria are easily killed by most disinfectants.
• The bacteria are passed by direct dog to dog contact; the main source of infection is the urine of infected animals.
• The bacteria can also enter the blood stream through cuts or grazes on the dog's feet. Leptospirosis is also carried by foxes and rats.
• The severity of this disease can vary. Death can occur within two days
• Leptospirosis can also cause serious or fatal diseases in men.

5. Canine Parvovirus

• Parvovirus is highly infectious and affects mainly puppies and young dogs, although dogs of all ages can become infected.
• The virus is passed by direct dog to dog contact or contact with infected faeces
• The virus affects rapidly growing cells, invading the cells of the intestines. It can also cause inflammation of the heart in very young puppies.
• The severity of this disease can vary. It can cause severe vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, dehydration and collapse. In some cases, death can occur within 24 hours.

The breeding of dogs history

Humans have maintained populations of useful animals and around places of habits since the 1973.They have intentially fed dogs for many uses.Through the processes,hundreds of dog breeds have been devloped.Nowadays many people have the money to buy the old historical dogs.The main first breeds are:

1. Old shepard dog
2. Samoyed
3. Grey hound
4. Tibetan mastiff
5. Border collie

Old shepard dog

Description:Th old shepard dog is a strong,compact,and a square dog.The coat colours are gray,grizzle,blue,blue gray,blue merle,gray with white markings or white with gray markings.The front legs are very straight and the hind legs are round and muscular.The small feet point straight ahead are round with well arched toes.

Temperament:The Old english shepard is stable and happy-go-lucky.They are able to adjust oneself in all differentconditions,areloveing and friendly.Loyal,Protective,intelligant and make fine family companion.Old shepard dog is a very good owner and is able to follow commands,but will ignore the instruction if they think they are stronger minded than their human packed members


Height: Dog:22-24 inches(56-61 cm) Bitch:20-22 inches(51 cm)
Weight: Dog:65 pounds(29 kg) Bitch:60 pounds(27 kg)
Living conditions: The Old English Sheepdog will do okay in an apartment if it is sufficiently exercised. They are fairly active indoors and will do best with at least an average-sized yard.
Life expectancy: 10-12 years
Grooming: The coarse,long haired coat needs a constant care to keep it in top condition.Unless it is combed and brushed right through to the dense,waterproof under coat at least three times per week,it became matted and the dog may devlop skin problems,making them prone to host parasites.A grooming table will make it lot easier.
Group: Herding,AKC herding

Samoyed

Description:The samoyed has a compact muscular body.Its head is broad and slightly crowned.The nose can be the colour black or brown.The thick double coat is profuse.The under coat is soft,short,thick with longer hair growing
out to be outercoat.The outer coat is harsh and stands out to be straightend and not wavy.The tail is moderatly long covered with hair, carried rolled on your back.The legs are solid and muscular and the feet are flat covered with hair.Coat colours are pure white,biscuit,yellow and cream.Pure white is popular to be seen in the show ring.

Temperment:Samoyed are gentle dogs.Very devoted,easy-going,friendly, quite playful with everyone and they love everyone.They are too friendly to be a watchdog.Although its bark will alert you of presence of strangers.They are highly intelligant and will respond to firm,patient training which should start at early age.Samoyed can get along with non-canine pets when raised with them from puppy hood or when properly trained to do so.This breed os instint to herd.

Height: Dog:21-23 inches(53-60cm) Bitches:19-21 inches(48-53 cm)
Weight: Dog:45-65 pounds(20-30kg) Bitches:35-50 pounds(16-20kg)
Living conditions: The Samoyed will be fine in an aparment if its sufficiently exercised.It is very active indoors and a small yard is sufficient.The heavy coat will make this dog uncompable to survive in hot conditions.
Life expectancy: 12-15 years
Grooming: Extensive grooming is needed.They are seasonally heavy shedders.The fluffly double coat needs frequent brushing ,but tends to stay white without bathing.
Group: Northern,AKC working

Grey Hound

Description:The Grey hound is a tall slender dog.The head is long,wide,narrow between the ears with a long tapering muzzle.There is no stop.The small rose ears are held back and folded.The eyes are dark in colour.The slightly arched neck is long.The legs are long with front legs perfectly straight.The short fine coat comes in all colours.
Temperment:The Greyhound is brave,and devoted.Intelligent,charming and loving.But their character is often under estimated because of their reserved behavior towards strangers and their masters.They are sensitive to the one’s tone and will not listen if they sense that they are stronger minded than their master.However they will not respond to harsh disipline.Most grey hounds have definite prey drive.It is instintive to these dogs to chase anything that is moves fastly.They seldom present difficultes with other dogs but normally good with children.Grey hounds are not particularly lazy.Racing lines are bred for performance,but they are good going products when their racing times are over.Grey hounds are bred more for temperment than for racing lines,who are bred for speed.However racing lines also make good pets.

Height: Male: 28-30 inches (71-76cm).Female:27-28 inches(68-71cm)
Weight: Male:65-80 pounds(29-36 kg)Female:60-70 pounds(27-31 kg)
Living Conditions: The Greyhound will be okay in an aparment if they get enough exercise.Grey hounds are sensitive to the cold but they do well in cold climates a long as they wear coat outside.Do not let this dog leash unless it is an safe area.They have an instint to strong chase and if they spot a small animals such as a rabbit thay just might take off.They will be so fast that you cant even catch them.
Exercise:Grey hounds that are kept as should have regular oppurtunities to run free on open ground in a safe area,as well as daily long brisk walks,where the dog is made to heel beside or behind the person.Holding the lead.In a dog’s mind the leader leads the way and the leader needs to be a human.
Life expectancy:About 10-12 years.
Grooming: The smooth ,short haired coat is very easy to groom.Simply comb and brush with firm bristle brush,and dry shampoo is neccesary .This breed is an average shedder.
Group: Southern,AKC Hound.

Tibetan mastiff

Description:The Tibetian mastiff is a massive,giant dog with sturdy bone structure.The body is slightly longer than tail.The broad muzzle is square and viewed from all sides.The long nose is black.The teeth meet in a sciccors or level bite.The upper lip is usually covered with lower lip is usually covered with lower lip.Eye colour shades come in all shades of brown.The neck is muscular and arched with a moderate dewlap.The dewlap is more promeint in males than femalesThe featured tail is more curved over the back.The front legs are straight with featuring.The feet are cat-like and may have featuring between the toes.The claws are sometimes removed.The double coat is immense and thick with heavy mane around the neck and shorter, hair on the head.The coat colour comes in black,brown ,blur gray,all with or without markings and various shades of gold.They also have white markings.
Temperment:The Tibetan mastiff is a couregeous,fearless,even-tempered,calm and thoughtful.Very loyal to the family.Tends to bark at night if left outside,but will be quite indoors.They are an outstanding flock guardian and are fericious against wolves,leopard,or any prey that approach there flock.There are easy to house break,but matures later in life than the average breed.The tibetan mastiff needafirm,condifent,consistent pack leader.To avoid them from becoming willful and stubborn,over protective and territoral.They have strong desire to please their owners.They are loving with children.It comes naturally to the mastiff to guard its family and their property.They have to be raised from adulthood in a careful,well-balanced way.

Height: Dog:25-28 inches(61-71cm)
Weight: 140-170 pounds(64-78 kg)Some european owners claim the dogs can weigh up to 220 pounds (99kg).
Living conditions: The tibetan mastiff can live in aparments if they are well exercised .They are not active indoors.
Exercise: The Tibetan mastiff needs to taken from daily walks.While out on the walk,the dog must heel beside or behind the person holding the lead,as in dog’s mind the leader leads a way and the leader must be a human.Be careful the bones,muscules,and joints of young dog are over worked during the growth stage by not doing a physical side of its life.However they will still need to walk each day to satisfy their migration instinct.
Life expectancy: About 15 or more years
Grooming: The Tibetan mastiff should be brushed regularly.In winter the coat has abudance of very thick hair,which sheds once a year for the duration of a month,when the weather gets warmer.During the time they should be brushed and combed every day.The Tibetan mastiff is good for allergy sufferers.
Group: Mastiff

Border collie

Description:The Border collie is medium sized,energetic working dog.The body is slightly longer than it is tall.The relatively flat skull is moderate in width.The skull and muzzle are about the same length,with a moderate stop.The strong teeth meet in a sciccors bite.The oval eyes are set wall apart and in brown in colour,except in merles where one eyes may be blue.The medium sized tail is set low reaching at least to the hook,raising somewhat when the dogs are exicted.The claws are usually removed.There are four coat varieties:a short,a sleek coat and a coarse and a rough coat.The coat colours come in black an white,tri colour,red and white,black and grey,yellow,yellow and white ,sable,and all black.The longer haired have a mane and a tail brush.
Temperment:The Border collie is very intelligent and aware of the surroundings.They are able to be trained to a high degree.This is the one of the hardest dog thriving on a praise.Border collie are represented among the leaders in competitive levels in various sports,excelling in agility skills,obience sheep dog trials and frisbee.For those who wish to reach in high levels in dog sports ,the border collie is a gift from heaven.Farmers are happy with them,as they orginally bred as farm hand.The Border collie is highly energetic with great stamina.The Border collie will get along quite happily with other dogs,and children.However they might be aggressive with other dogs of the same sex if you are not showing 100% leadership with them.They cannot be trusted with small non-canine animals.

Height: Dogs:19-22 inches(48-56cm) Bitches: 18-21 inches(46-53cm)
Weight: Dogs:30-45 pounds(14-20kg) Bitches:27-42 pounds(12-19kg)
Living conditions: The Border collie is not reccomended for apartment life.They are very active indoors and do best acreage.This breed will do fine in kennel provided it has daily activity and sees plently of its handler.This breed is not suited to life chained up in a back yard all day.
Exercise: Physical exrcise alone is not sufficient for this very intelligent and highly energitic dog.They want to work and must do so with body and mind as one,carrying out different tasks.Fast,agile,these lively have boundless energy and thrive on hard work and play.They should be taken on a long,briskly daily walk.
Life expectancy: About 12-15 years.
Grooming: The Border collie needs combing and brushing to keep the coat gleaming.Extra care is needed when the soft,dense under coat for shedding.Baths and dry shampoo only when necessary .Check the ears and coat regularly for ticks.Thid breed is an average shedder.
Group: Herding,AKC Herding.

The First Breed of the Dog

Wolf!The first dog domesticated by a man was a wolf….This friendship by a man and a dog is oldest in the history.The wolf was known as a Gray wolf.

Gray wolf
History	:The gray wolf was known as the canidae family.The canidae family was a biological family of canivores,omnivores family.
Height	:26-32 inches tall at the shoulder
Length	:4.5-6.5 feet
Weight	:55-130lbs.Males are typically heavier than females.
Lifespan	:7-8 years old in the wild.But some lived up to 10 aswell.
Diet	:The Gray wolf mostly feeds on large hoofed animals. Example: 1. Deer 2. Moose 3. Caribeau 4. Beaver 5. Rabbits 6. Other small prey.

Popluation

There are estimated that there are 7,000 to 11,000 wolves in Alaska and more than 5,000 in lower 48 states.Around the world there are an estimation 200,000 in 57 countries compared to 2 million in the earlier times.

Behavior

Wolves live,hunt in packs of 4-7 animals on average.Packs include:mother,father wolves,called the Alphas,their cubs and sevearal other young cubs.The alpha female and male are the pack leaders that track anhunt prey.They also choose the den sites.The wolves devlop strong relationships between each other.The often demostrate deep affection for their family and may even sacrifice themselves to protect their family.

Wolves have complex communication for communicating each other.From barks and whines to growls and howls. They do not howl at the moon.They do howl more when its lighter at the night.Which occurs when there is a full moon.








Threats

The most common danger for the wolf is the conflict with humans for killing livestock of wolves.The wolf predetation is fairly common.Wolves that prey to save themselves are often killed for protection.

The behavioral of the dog

The domestic dog has a exhibit intelligacence.Dogs are capable of learning number of things.
1. Classical
2. Operant
3. Conditioning
4. Observation

Puppies learn quickily than adult dogs.This performance from dogs is not needed to those tasks for the dogs bred to perform.This lead many problems to the human society.Example:Prisioners use them for digging holes in the ground so they can escape from the prision.

Dogs behavior is affected by genitic factors and enviormental factors.Domestic dogs inherited loads of features from the wolves(ancestors).The gray wolves is a socialable animal that has been inherited in the dogs structure.

Dog make contacts from growling.A specific growl is made for protecting its food.Dog growl can be specified to their size.

Compared to wolves.The dogs size skull is 20% less than wolves skull.30% smaller brains.Dogs require fewer calories than wolves.The skin of the domestic dogs tends to be thicker than the wolves.The paws of the of the dogs are half of the size of the wolves.

All about dogs

Dogs are the first animals to be domesticated. They are a form of a gray wolves about 15,000 years ago and a canivore.The word ‘dog’ means a male in the canine species.The word’bitch’is used for a female of the canine species.They have been widely used for:

1. Working
2. Hunting
3. Pulling loads
4. Protection
5. Military
6. Companionship


Over the 15,000 years the span of the dog has dominated the earth.The impact of the society has given a nickname to the dogs as ‘mans best friend’in the world.In 2001 there were estimated to be 400 million of dogs in the world.

Through selective breeding by humans,The dog has devloped into hundreds of varied of breeds of dogs.The colours varies from white into black,and browns from light tan.This forms into breeds. In a wide variation of patterns,coats can be short,long,wool like,straight,curly or smooth.A dog shed their coat every now and then.

The behavioral of dogs has made a huge impact in the human life.Its ability of playfullness,to fit in the human households and social situatians.This enabled to become one of the most successful species on the planet today.